The hidden costs of artificial intelligence, from natural resources and labor to privacy, equality, and freedom “This study argues that is neither artificial nor particularly intelligent. . . . A fascinating history of the data on which machine-learning systems are trained.”-New Yorker “Eloquent, clear and profound-this volume is a classic for our times.”-Geoffrey C. Bowker, University of California, Irvine What happens when artificial intelligence saturates political life and depletes the planet? How is AI shaping our understanding of ourselves and our societies? Drawing on more than a decade of research, award-winning scholar Kate Crawford reveals how AI is a technology of extraction: from the minerals drawn from the earth, to the labor pulled from low-wage information workers, to the data taken from every action and expression. This book reveals how this planetary network is fueling a shift toward